![]() XDream is implemented in Python, released under the MIT License, and works on Linux, Windows, and MacOS.Ĭitation: Xiao W, Kreiman G (2020) XDream: Finding preferred stimuli for visual neurons using generative networks and gradient-free optimization. Overall, XDream is an efficient, general, and robust algorithm for uncovering neuronal tuning preferences using a vast and diverse stimulus space. These results establish expectations and provide practical recommendations for using XDream to investigate neural coding in biological preparations. Lastly, we found no significant advantage to problem-specific parameter tuning. Furthermore, XDream is robust to choices of multiple image generators, optimization algorithms, and hyperparameters, suggesting that its performance is locally near-optimal. XDream extrapolates to different layers, architectures, and developmental regimes, performing better than brute-force search, and often better than exhaustive sampling of >1 million images. XDream can efficiently find preferred features for visual units without any prior knowledge about them. We also explored design and parameter choices. We evaluated how the method compares to brute-force search, and how well the method generalizes to different neurons and processing stages. ![]() We use ConvNet units as in silico models of neurons, enabling experiments that would be prohibitive with biological neurons. Here we extensively and systematically evaluate the performance of XDream. A new method termed XDream (E Xtending DeepDream with real-time evolution for activation maximization) combined a generative neural network and a genetic algorithm in a closed loop to create strong stimuli for neurons in the macaque visual cortex. The characterization of effective stimuli has traditionally been based on a combination of intuition, insights from previous studies, and luck. The Race pick features a sharp beak for grappling with rock. The optional Total Dry pick is designed for maximum performance on overhanging dry tooling routes and in competitions.A longstanding question in sensory neuroscience is what types of stimuli drive neurons to fire. The Ice and Mixte picks can be used alone or with the hammer or adze. The optional Mixte pick is a blend between the two with similar angles to the Ice pick but only a small hammer plate and teeth reaching further down the shaft like the Race pick. The Mixte pick shifts the tip 6 mm higher, but maintains the same angle as the Ice pick. The optional Race pick is designed to be used with the regular X-Dream handle and features a sharp beak for grappling with rock along with more aggressive teeth both on the underside and topside of the pick. The X-Dream Alpine comes standard with the Ice pick and hammer. The included Ice pick delivers a swing that is very similar to the popular X-All Mountain tool with a little extra head weight from the small hammer. They are designed to provide solid sticks with minimal effort making them the perfect choice for brittle ice and technical mixed terrain. The new multi-part head design allows the same pick to be used alone or with the hammer or adze. All four picks feature the refined beak and tooth configuration that CASSIN tools are known for. The Ice position drops the handle for a more natural swing on ice. and grip on slabby and vertical terrain. In the Dry position, the handle kicks rotates upward for a more downward and outward pull. The most innovative feature on the X-Dream Alpine remains with the angle-adjustable handle that allows climbers to switch between Dry and Ice positions. Use the Allen bolt above the grip to switch between the two positions. The result is a fully optimized tool for technical ice, mixed climbing, and adventurous alpine terrain. The X-Trigger Fast shaft pommel provides an adjustable third grip position for choking up high or matching on the tool, and A variety of inserts allow the main grip to be modified both in volume and shape to help climbers craft the perfect grip. It features the same innovative design and geometry that have made the X-Dream so popular, with the addition of the alpine handle that incorporates a spike designed for use in the cane position and a hammer to provide extra head weight and for pounding pitons and clearing ice. The standard Ice pick with integrated hammer makes the X-Dream Alpine perfect for pounding pitons and clearing icicles. The X-Dream Alpine is the alpine climbing version of the award-winning X-Dream ice tool.
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